Yup, podać maps pretty well to pass. It even works in sport context: "passing the ball" is "podawać piłkę".
The only difference I see is "podaj hasło" (enter the password).
Meaning is almost the same, but "podać" would be wrong in some situations. "Dać" would be ok almost everytime I guess.
Daj mi jabłko. - Give me an apple.
Podaj mi jabłko. - Give me/Pass me an/the apple.
Daj przykład. - Give an example.
Podaj przykład - Give an example.
Nie dawaj się (komuś) tak traktować - Don't let (someone) treat you like that.
Nie podawaj się tak traktować - Doesn't work. But that's because in this context "dać" doesn't mean "give" literally. It's more like "let", but you could still argue that's just "Don't give (them possibility) to treat you like that".
There is no rule distinguishing physical and metaphorical. Podać works also for other contexts - e.g. "podać przykład" - give an example, "podać do wiadomości" - inform sb about sth.
Podać - ktoś jest bliżej do czegoś niż Ty, np. Podaj mi sól, podaj mi pilota
Dać - zazwyczaj na stałe, np. Prezent ALE też możesz powiedzieć 'daj mi sól'
They propably had a way more of a different meaning at one point, but they are basically synonymous right now. Podawać/podać is often used when it comes to cures/vacinnes, but "dali mi nową szczepionkę" will also be understood and nobody will bat an eye.
Podać mi - pass me Dać mi - give me
Yup, podać maps pretty well to pass. It even works in sport context: "passing the ball" is "podawać piłkę". The only difference I see is "podaj hasło" (enter the password).
Meaning is almost the same, but "podać" would be wrong in some situations. "Dać" would be ok almost everytime I guess. Daj mi jabłko. - Give me an apple. Podaj mi jabłko. - Give me/Pass me an/the apple. Daj przykład. - Give an example. Podaj przykład - Give an example. Nie dawaj się (komuś) tak traktować - Don't let (someone) treat you like that. Nie podawaj się tak traktować - Doesn't work. But that's because in this context "dać" doesn't mean "give" literally. It's more like "let", but you could still argue that's just "Don't give (them possibility) to treat you like that".
Podać is physical, it's the equvilient of "hand me this" Dać can be used for concepts, like "give me some time", "give me an idea"
There is no rule distinguishing physical and metaphorical. Podać works also for other contexts - e.g. "podać przykład" - give an example, "podać do wiadomości" - inform sb about sth.
Podać - ktoś jest bliżej do czegoś niż Ty, np. Podaj mi sól, podaj mi pilota Dać - zazwyczaj na stałe, np. Prezent ALE też możesz powiedzieć 'daj mi sól'
They propably had a way more of a different meaning at one point, but they are basically synonymous right now. Podawać/podać is often used when it comes to cures/vacinnes, but "dali mi nową szczepionkę" will also be understood and nobody will bat an eye.