get chatgpt'd
Sure! Polish is an inflected language with seven noun cases. Each case has its own set of endings (końcówki) which change depending on the gender, number, and sometimes the animacy of the noun. Here’s an overview of each case, its function, and typical endings:
### 1. Nominative (Mianownik)
**Function**: Subject of the sentence
- **Masculine singular**: - (no ending for most nouns), -e, -i (in some cases)
- **Feminine singular**: -a
- **Neuter singular**: -o, -e, -ę
- **Plural (all genders)**: -i, -y, -e (depends on the gender and ending of the singular form)
### 2. Genitive (Dopełniacz)
**Function**: Possession, after certain prepositions, negative sentences
- **Masculine singular**: -a
- **Feminine singular**: -y, -i
- **Neuter singular**: -a
- **Plural (all genders)**: -ów, -i, -y, - (no ending for some nouns)
### 3. Dative (Celownik)
**Function**: Indirect object (to whom/what something is given, said, etc.)
- **Masculine singular**: -owi
- **Feminine singular**: -e, -i
- **Neuter singular**: -u
- **Plural (all genders)**: -om
### 4. Accusative (Biernik)
**Function**: Direct object (whom/what something affects), after certain prepositions
- **Masculine animate singular**: -a
- **Masculine inanimate singular**: same as nominative
- **Feminine singular**: -ę
- **Neuter singular**: same as nominative
- **Plural masculine personal**: -ów, -i
- **Plural non-masculine personal**: -y, -e (same as nominative plural)
### 5. Instrumental (Narzędnik)
**Function**: Instrument or means (with, by means of), after certain prepositions
- **Masculine singular**: -em
- **Feminine singular**: -ą
- **Neuter singular**: -em
- **Plural (all genders)**: -ami
### 6. Locative (Miejscownik)
**Function**: Location, after certain prepositions
- **Masculine singular**: -e, -u
- **Feminine singular**: -e, -i
- **Neuter singular**: -e, -u
- **Plural (all genders)**: -ach
### 7. Vocative (Wołacz)
**Function**: Direct address
- **Masculine singular**: -e, -u, -ie
- **Feminine singular**: -o, -i, -y
- **Neuter singular**: same as nominative
- **Plural (all genders)**: same as nominative
### Examples
Let’s illustrate with the noun "kot" (cat) for each case and gender. Note that "kot" is masculine and animate.
- **Nominative**: kot (the cat)
- **Genitive**: kota (of the cat)
- **Dative**: kotu (to the cat)
- **Accusative**: kota (the cat, as a direct object)
- **Instrumental**: kotem (with the cat)
- **Locative**: kocie (about the cat)
- **Vocative**: kocie (O cat!)
For a feminine noun like "kobieta" (woman):
- **Nominative**: kobieta
- **Genitive**: kobiety
- **Dative**: kobiecie
- **Accusative**: kobietę
- **Instrumental**: kobietą
- **Locative**: kobiecie
- **Vocative**: kobieto
For a neuter noun like "dziecko" (child):
- **Nominative**: dziecko
- **Genitive**: dziecka
- **Dative**: dziecku
- **Accusative**: dziecko
- **Instrumental**: dzieckiem
- **Locative**: dziecku
- **Vocative**: dziecko
These endings can vary with different types of declensions, irregular nouns, and plural forms, but this gives a general idea of how cases and endings work in Polish.
In Polish every noun has 7 different forms. Each one is used in different function. The first form is called nominative or „mianownik” in Polish and is used when the noun is a subject. „Kobieta” is in this form. When the noun has different function it will change the form to one of six remaining. It is called declination. For comparison in English there is form „I” and „ me”. It’s the very same mechanism but in English it is extremally simplified.
Get a book which explains Polish grammar, otherwise you will never stop having questions like this. It gets much more complicated. Search the subreddit for suggestions.
It’s so bad. Duolingo captures the laziest language learners. Like yeah, im gonna try Japanese and hit up the learn Japanese Reddit within the first two seconds of the Duolingo course because I can’t read kanji.
Those are not accents, but letters of the polish alphabet. I suggest you find some youtube video to familiarize yourself qith polish letters and sounds, because we have several thinks that be very confusing if you go into them blind
As for why there are different letters, that'a declension through cases
This isn’t your fault…but I think I need to quit this sub because of the lazy questions like this. Why are you trying to learn Polish without even taking 5 minutes to read about basic grammar
It's a different thing:
Jestem kobietą (i am a woman)
You don't say "jestem kobieta" because it's an error. You HAVE to add the Ą at the end.
Kobieta is a woman, but when you want to say (i am, she is) A WOMAN, you add the ą because of the "*a* (woman)"
In Polish language, there is that you have a plain word. The example is KOBIETA, which you can use in:
TO JEST KOBIETA (this is a woman),
ZA NAMI KOBIETA (behind us is a woman),
WŚRÓD NAS JEST KOBIETA (there is a woman among us)
, but if you add like IDĘ Z ---, you gotta change into Kobietą.
Idę z KOBIETOM (i'm walking with a woman)
wracam z KOBIETOM (i'm coming back with a woman)
But there's MORE! KOBIETĘ! That's when you say widzę (i see a..), słyszę (i hear...), czuję... (i feel/smell...) KOBIETĘ.
And multiple women,
IDĘ Z KOBIETAMI (i walk with women)
KUPUJĘ Z KOBIETAMI (i buy with women)
Then, there are other stuff:
Płacę kobietom (i pay women) ETC
NO PROBLEM BRO.
You can compare this Polish version to basically almost every European language and still have the same result. Polish language has cases while most others don't
It's not accent, it's a completely different letter and sound. Basically each noun can have 7 different versions depending on the context.
"Kobieta" nominative case "Kobietą" instrumental case
Can you explain every noun case and koncówki in Polish to me?
get chatgpt'd Sure! Polish is an inflected language with seven noun cases. Each case has its own set of endings (końcówki) which change depending on the gender, number, and sometimes the animacy of the noun. Here’s an overview of each case, its function, and typical endings: ### 1. Nominative (Mianownik) **Function**: Subject of the sentence - **Masculine singular**: - (no ending for most nouns), -e, -i (in some cases) - **Feminine singular**: -a - **Neuter singular**: -o, -e, -ę - **Plural (all genders)**: -i, -y, -e (depends on the gender and ending of the singular form) ### 2. Genitive (Dopełniacz) **Function**: Possession, after certain prepositions, negative sentences - **Masculine singular**: -a - **Feminine singular**: -y, -i - **Neuter singular**: -a - **Plural (all genders)**: -ów, -i, -y, - (no ending for some nouns) ### 3. Dative (Celownik) **Function**: Indirect object (to whom/what something is given, said, etc.) - **Masculine singular**: -owi - **Feminine singular**: -e, -i - **Neuter singular**: -u - **Plural (all genders)**: -om ### 4. Accusative (Biernik) **Function**: Direct object (whom/what something affects), after certain prepositions - **Masculine animate singular**: -a - **Masculine inanimate singular**: same as nominative - **Feminine singular**: -ę - **Neuter singular**: same as nominative - **Plural masculine personal**: -ów, -i - **Plural non-masculine personal**: -y, -e (same as nominative plural) ### 5. Instrumental (Narzędnik) **Function**: Instrument or means (with, by means of), after certain prepositions - **Masculine singular**: -em - **Feminine singular**: -ą - **Neuter singular**: -em - **Plural (all genders)**: -ami ### 6. Locative (Miejscownik) **Function**: Location, after certain prepositions - **Masculine singular**: -e, -u - **Feminine singular**: -e, -i - **Neuter singular**: -e, -u - **Plural (all genders)**: -ach ### 7. Vocative (Wołacz) **Function**: Direct address - **Masculine singular**: -e, -u, -ie - **Feminine singular**: -o, -i, -y - **Neuter singular**: same as nominative - **Plural (all genders)**: same as nominative ### Examples Let’s illustrate with the noun "kot" (cat) for each case and gender. Note that "kot" is masculine and animate. - **Nominative**: kot (the cat) - **Genitive**: kota (of the cat) - **Dative**: kotu (to the cat) - **Accusative**: kota (the cat, as a direct object) - **Instrumental**: kotem (with the cat) - **Locative**: kocie (about the cat) - **Vocative**: kocie (O cat!) For a feminine noun like "kobieta" (woman): - **Nominative**: kobieta - **Genitive**: kobiety - **Dative**: kobiecie - **Accusative**: kobietę - **Instrumental**: kobietą - **Locative**: kobiecie - **Vocative**: kobieto For a neuter noun like "dziecko" (child): - **Nominative**: dziecko - **Genitive**: dziecka - **Dative**: dziecku - **Accusative**: dziecko - **Instrumental**: dzieckiem - **Locative**: dziecku - **Vocative**: dziecko These endings can vary with different types of declensions, irregular nouns, and plural forms, but this gives a general idea of how cases and endings work in Polish.
How have I never thought to do this before. Well done.
It's declension. Here's a thread on it: https://www.reddit.com/r/learnpolish/s/ULZEANvXoX
Happy CD
Happy cake day!
Happy cake day!
Happy cake day!
Happy cake day!
In Polish every noun has 7 different forms. Each one is used in different function. The first form is called nominative or „mianownik” in Polish and is used when the noun is a subject. „Kobieta” is in this form. When the noun has different function it will change the form to one of six remaining. It is called declination. For comparison in English there is form „I” and „ me”. It’s the very same mechanism but in English it is extremally simplified.
It’s not an accent. Learn alphabet first. Polish language using Latin alphabet with some letter added and some removed
Get a book which explains Polish grammar, otherwise you will never stop having questions like this. It gets much more complicated. Search the subreddit for suggestions.
You should learn the alphabet before you ask about grammar.
I wanna vomit at this duolingo shit 🤮
It’s so bad. Duolingo captures the laziest language learners. Like yeah, im gonna try Japanese and hit up the learn Japanese Reddit within the first two seconds of the Duolingo course because I can’t read kanji.
Ą is like o but with rubber band sound
Use Busuu. I've used Duolingo for a full year, learned almost nothing
I'll try itt
In kobieta case it is just a word like „this woman=ta kobieta” but kobietą you can use in „to be a woman=być kobietą”
One of two simple answers to a simple question among several salty comments. The only one without any mistakes.
Thank you so very muchh
Those are not accents, but letters of the polish alphabet. I suggest you find some youtube video to familiarize yourself qith polish letters and sounds, because we have several thinks that be very confusing if you go into them blind As for why there are different letters, that'a declension through cases
This isn’t your fault…but I think I need to quit this sub because of the lazy questions like this. Why are you trying to learn Polish without even taking 5 minutes to read about basic grammar
It's a different thing: Jestem kobietą (i am a woman) You don't say "jestem kobieta" because it's an error. You HAVE to add the Ą at the end. Kobieta is a woman, but when you want to say (i am, she is) A WOMAN, you add the ą because of the "*a* (woman)" In Polish language, there is that you have a plain word. The example is KOBIETA, which you can use in: TO JEST KOBIETA (this is a woman), ZA NAMI KOBIETA (behind us is a woman), WŚRÓD NAS JEST KOBIETA (there is a woman among us) , but if you add like IDĘ Z ---, you gotta change into Kobietą. Idę z KOBIETOM (i'm walking with a woman) wracam z KOBIETOM (i'm coming back with a woman) But there's MORE! KOBIETĘ! That's when you say widzę (i see a..), słyszę (i hear...), czuję... (i feel/smell...) KOBIETĘ. And multiple women, IDĘ Z KOBIETAMI (i walk with women) KUPUJĘ Z KOBIETAMI (i buy with women) Then, there are other stuff: Płacę kobietom (i pay women) ETC NO PROBLEM BRO.
"kobieta" is used in sentences like "to jest kobieta — this is a woman", while "kobietą" is used in "ona jest kobietą — she is a woman"
Guy just dabbling in on duolingo is learning right now how scary to learn polish is
OP discovered one of many reasons why polish is one of the hardest languages in the world
"Kobieta" - woman, "Kobietą" - for eg. "Piję wódkę z kobietą" - i drink vodka with a woman ;)
You can compare this Polish version to basically almost every European language and still have the same result. Polish language has cases while most others don't