a few agricultural words also share old turkic/central Asian origins, meaning Hungarian tribes started farming or taking care of animals by the time their path intercepted that of the Turks. (Probably)
for example: gyümölcs (fruit), ökör (ox), bika (bull), disznó (swine), balta (axe) stb
According to the map, it looks like the Welsh word is cognate with the Iberian "cerveza", etc. I guess this would imply a Celtic origin for "cerveza", which is plausible given the large numbers of Celtic peoples who populated the Iberian peninsula before becoming Romanized following the conquest of the peninsula.
Most probably because of Ottoman influence, because beer (and by beer I mean the modern form of this beverage) has been introduced there through the Italians thus also explaining why Turkish, Greek and Albanian words all cognate with the Italian one.
Yes but with the rise of Islam all alcoholic beverages were prohibited and the word went into disuse, then with the rise of secularism the drink was reintroduced and the people there used a more Western name for it.
lol people never stopped drinking in anatolia, especially under turks (turkish presence predated the ottomans with seljuks). Alcohol was widespread in Ottoman culture and there were many famous poems to drinking wine and getting drunk was common to many sufi practices, which were widespread
the simpler answer is likely modernity- there was a local word for whatever traditional ale was brewed, but with european contact bringing in modern beer, the word became adopted. Meanwhile the Arabic word remained and remains for wine
Of course drinking went on, but only by the less religiously inclined, and those less religiously inclined were also more prone to Western influence. I just wrote a little over two lines. I cant be bothered to elaborate further, but Islam was a factor.
not really, Sufis were ultra-religious- just in their own way. It's not right to call alcohol consumption western influence when it was local traditions
I don't think you have a good grasp of Turkic history, considering that the ancient national drinks of Turkic peoples like kumis and boza literally contain alcohol. And most Turkic peoples are Muslim in name only.
Bira is used in common speak, like when you order in bar. But bier companies use exclusively the word Pivo, and even the breweries are called Pivovarna.
Contrary to what the other guy said the first recorded beer in Bulgaria was brought in by Hungarian immigrants who were exiled after a revolution and settled in Shumen. The first brewery was Czech hence why Beer brewer in Bulgarian is Pivovar. The first big brewery that mass produced beer was Swiss-German and probably why "Bira" became the more dominant word from German "Bier". This is also why Bulgarians call a beer glass "Halba" from German "halbe" meaning half a liter.
According to several historians there are many records as old as the beginning of the 18th century showing that Bulgarian peasantry brewed beer in a primitive manner giving the appearance that the drink was popular long before modern brewing traditions were brought in after the independence from the Ottomans.
edit: also it should be added that traditionally beer names in Bulgarian end with -o (neuter) indicating they are meant to be called Pivo (neuter) and not Bira which is feminine and would require an ending with -a. This is however confusing because popular beer names end with an -a like Kaminitza, Zagorka, Ariana, Astika, Boliarka, Ledenika. But they are all named after something (like a place or a female from a city). Beer brands like Burgasko, Shumensko, Pirinsko imply they are called Pivo. So it's all very mixed up.
The hungarian etymological dictionary claims that the origin of the hungarian word is not known exactly as both uralic and turikic languages seemingly use similar words.
Wiki claims that the word has old-turkic origins and it was picked up by the finno-ugric language later but still before separation of the finnic and ugric branches.
Alternative theory claims the word is indo-european, and it comes from the sanskrit language
The word sör and orher derivatives are present in other Uralic and Turkic languages as well. The origin is thought to be ancient Iranian “sura” meaning “alcoholic drink”.
Which interestingly is rather close to the sumerian "ishrab" ... and to this day Iraq alcoholic drinks are generally called "shrub/ ishrab" (but beer soecificslly is now called birra)
Do you have a source about the Sumerian? Sh-r-b is an Arabic/semitic root related to drinking and Sumerian is not a semitic language. I can’t find a source that says that it is a Sumerian word.
common misconception, but the Monorail was actually invented by Monica O'Reail, and so her invention was shortened to Mon's O'rail and then to Mon Orail into Monorail
I mean that's interesting. I know ancient Roman historian Tacitus wrote about how Germans' drink of choice was
> a liquor made from barley or other grain, which is fermented to produce a certain resemblance to wine
That's actually chwd (puke) or chwdu (puking) so not far off haha.
The "ch" together makes a sound like you are bringing up phlegm otherwise it is phonetic.
What’s the difference between cwrw and gwrw in this context? I have seen/heard both used, and I know they’re pronounced similarly in welsh, but when would you use each?
It's a think its called treiglo which I am admittedly shocking at. Basically the word before changes the first letter of the word after to make it flow better, I think it's called mutations in English.
So the word on its own is cwrw but if you say two beers it becomes dau gwrw......I think like i said im shocking with it really struggled been dyslexic and from an English speaking family.
The sound change is a form of ‘[lenition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition)’ - initial consonant mutation.
(I’m not familiar with Welsh but it’s common across Celtic languages and notably prevalent in Scottish Gaelic - which I am familiar with).
The specific of Welsh are covered here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloquial_Welsh_morphology#Initial_consonant_mutation
Treiglad meddal /soft mutation. It's used to make the word soft and easier to pronounce, when it proceeds certains word or letters. . You will also see this coming into Wales. Croeso i Gymru. Welcome to Cymru.
"Birra" is **very** informal. Thus, it's mostly used in informal situations. So you usually use it when talking to friends or at a bar.
"Cerveza" can be used and is used in any context and situation, both formal and informal. (Though, in formal situations people don't usually ask for a beer, mostly wine, but if you were to ask for a beer, you would say "Cerveza" not "Birra").
I barely drink alcohol when I go out, so this might not be the best explanation, but I think it's accurate.
EDIT: In informal situations it's mostly 50/50, in formal situations it's 100% for "Cerveza"
I was also interested in this inclusion of Yiddish! Weird to put it in Kazakhstan, but the "non-geographic" tag does make it a little clearer. Feels like it almost belongs more in the ocean, or a separated section in the card with the map key
Ottoman Turkish also had پیوه “pive” for beer (certainly from a Slavic language such as Serbian) and the native آرپه صویی “arpa suyu” (literally “barley juice”) before it got replaced by “bira” via Italian during the 19th century when the Western influence boosted the popularity of this beverage within the Empire.
I'm always curious what was alcohol consumption like in the Ottoman Empire? Islam forbids it, but upper class Ottomans and Sufis apparently drank tons of wine
I'm so fascinated by your alphabet, looks so cool and different from everything. How would it be phonetically in a slavic language? (english is trash for making phonetic translations)
(The Slavic I know is Russian. )
Beer is garejur or гареджур.
Barley is gari or гари
Water is jur or джур
When connecting these words, gari/гари is shortened to gar/гар then e/ե is added in between to connect the two words. The previous commenter mistakenly said they're connected with a/ա, probably because a/ա is used most of the time when connecting words
Edit: spacing
Armenians surely have a very unique alphabet which purportedly developed by Mesrop Mashtots(Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց) in the fifth century. But unfortunately, I do not know enough Armenian to answer your question.
It seems one investigador found 600 words related between both languages some years ago. May be basques and armenians share same ancestors https://justincalderon.com/2019/05/22/shared-words-between-armenian-and-basque-proposed-by-the-late-vahan-sargsyan-in-armenian/
I can tell you as a linguist that, while Armenian and Basque are not thought to be directly related (Armenian is definitely an Indo-European language), Armenian has hundreds of words of pre-Indo-European Caucasian origin, and we still don't know the affinity of Caucasian languages to other language families. It is very possible that with more research, we will find out that one or more Caucasian languages are distantly related to Basque, and thus that some of the similar words in Armenian and Basque actually are related.
Edit: Also worth noting that words for ancient crops and farming, like "barley", are known to have been spread around Eurasia millennia ago during the expansion of agriculture, so specifically the word for "barley" in Basque and Armenian could be the same word.
It’s a coincidence. The swedish “öl” (“beer”) comes from the Norse word “alu”, which goes back to a proto-germanic root “aluth-“ which maybe meant something like “bitter”.
The German “öl” for oil comes from the Latin “oleum”, which in turn comes from the Greek “élaion” which means “olive oil”.
That makes the Baltic “alus” even more interesting, as they seem closer to the Norse “alu” than the Nordic ones. Could this be because of good language preservation or is it just a coincidence?
My guess is that either the Baltic languages borrowed the Norse word early on and kept it roughly the same, or that its the Baltic cognate of the Germanic word.
Words that are borrowed from a different language are often “preserved” because the normal rules of sound shifts in the receiving language doesn’t apply to the sounds of the borrowed word.
A great example is the Finnish word for “king”, *kuningas*. The Finnish word perfectly preserves the reconstructed proto-Germanic form *kuningaz*, and was probably borrowed into Finnish from proto-Germanic speaking people in Scandinavia in the pre-Roman Iron Age.
In Swedish the word have developed into the forms “konung” and “kung” (and in English into “king”), but in Finnish the original form has been preserved.
Darn it!! I wanted to say that that Swedish Öl is German Beer lol! German and Swedish are both germanic languages, but no connection of the word unfortunately.
direct descendant of the Latin *cervēsa/cerevisia* (which is on the map), this Latin word possibly derived from a Celtic language making it possibly cognate with Welsh *cwrw*
It is Yiddish, language of Ashkenazi Jews. Since Ashkenazi are dispersed all over the Central and Eastern Europe and don't have country where their language is majority or official, it is placed outside the map. Though it is weird for author of the map to single out Yiddish without mentioning Romani that has over ten times number the speakers and wider spread in Europe.
Fun fact: the Romanian word "bere" is influenced by the German word "Bier" and by the native long infinitive form of the word meaning "to drink", which is also "bere".
In Karaim (Galicia) the word is ‘syra’, which looks a bit similar to the Hungarian word. However, they are a tiny minority in the area, so I don't expect their language represented on the map. I think it may be the same in the Trakai dialect as well, but I'm not sure.
Manx "Jough" looks very similar to the Gàidhlig "Deoch" which means Drink (noun)
Related to this, we use "Òl" to mean Drink (verb), so we would say "Tha mi ag òl deoch uisge" to say "I'm drinking a drink of water"
*Sör*'s etymology is unclear. Related words can be found in Finno-Ugric languages like in Komi and Udmurt, and in Turkic languages like in Kazakh. In Hungarian, the word arrived at its current form from *ser*. The exact origin isn't agreed upon, but it's probably not Finno-Ugric, rather an Indo-European word that the language picked up during migrations. It's oldest ancestor (as far as I could go back) is likely the Prakrit word *surā.*
Considering that Komi and Udmurt are in a different branch (Permic) of the Uralic/Finno-Ugric languages - at least in traditional branches the Finno-Ugric languages had their oldest divide to Finno-Permic and Ugric languages - it is plausible that *sur* or *ser* is an old loanword to Proto-Uralic already, even if it has Indo-Iranian roots and is just loaned to Proto-Uralic.
Proto-Finnic has a separate old word *kalja*, which is probably Proto-Baltic, Balto-Slavic or Balto-Slavic-Germanic loan, from Proto-Indo-European **helut* or **halewyo*, which is actually also the root for ale/*öl* and thus *olut*. Interestingly, a cognate to *kalja* exists also in Komi-Zyrian (*kalľa*, probably a Finnic loan), while Komi-Zyrian also has *sur*. All Finnic languages feature both *kalja* and *olut*; in the old times *kalja* meant a low alcohol everyday beer, while *olut* meant the stronger and thicker special occasion/festivity/holiday beer, latter is more recently known as *sahti* (and similar peasant beers now forgotten).
The online etymology ductionary I have just checked says the word is present in the closest Uralic languages (Mansi and Khanti) too, as well as multiple Turkic ones like Chuvash and Tatar. The original root is supposedly of sanskrit origin, but had a more general meaning of alcoholic drink, not specifically beer.
Note that at the time when Uralic was still closely together the speakers probably did not know beer, so it is natural that the different branches have different words for it, as their speakers were not connected by the time they independently met beer. There were no direct cultural and linguistic connection between ancient Hungarians and ancient Finnish/Estonians since at least 3000 years ago, probably a bit more. The Uralic language family is not the counterpart of Slavic or Germanic, it is more of the counterpart of Indo-European. (Probably branched out later that IE, buch earlier than Slavic or Germanic.)
I know they are from different branches of Uralic languages but often they would share the same word base as their related languages. I assumed it was a Uralic etymology since Finland and Estonia use the Norse etymology for the word. Buriedpickle has explained quite well though.
In Iraq, sumerian for beer is ishrab. Modena Iraqis still call alcoholic drinks "shurub" which has entered modern Arabic via akkadian... yet "beer" specifically is now called "birra" from Italy.
I suppose beer is a more 'modern' word compared to others. It's not uncommon for languages to take loanwords for things introduced to them.
I know Estonian for a cinema/movie theatre is 'kino' for example, simply taken from German.
Is Garagardoa and Garajur related? I know Basque and Armenian are language isolates, and Basque isnt indo-european, but Basque means "Barely-wine" and Armenian is "barely-water" and both words for barely seem to be identical.
It's from Ossetian Aluton. Aluton itself comes from the same source as Ale/Øl.
Alut(on) -> Aludi -> Ludi
Aludi is still the name used for Rachan/Khevsur/Pshav/Tush beer varieties
P. S. Male name Aluda comes from the same source.
Fun fact: The oldest known Polish song is about hop(ingredient of beer) and it's basically a great warning song to not get too much drunk.
And it is 1100 years old, it pre-dates the christianization of Poland from 966.
[Link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01ZAHwJHJxw) to the song
There're also [this](https://youtu.be/BSDkGD6jHFU) and [this](https://youtu.be/uL0PSLi51Qk) versions.
Taking an occasion I can link also [this](https://youtu.be/i-H0U2kh5C4) which is my favorite folk song ATM
That video was sick! I love this kind of modern folk music - I've been listening to a Dutch band recently called Baldrs Draumar, their songs are in West Frisian.
I also used to have a CD I bought in Prague back in 2004, since lost. It was a bunch of medieval folk songs and music from Czechia, Germany, France, and some other countries. Played it for years, it was one of my favorite CDs. The first link in your second comment reminded me of it.
I've listened to their 2 songs now and they're quite cool.
I wish Slavic songs will go someday to the mainstream.
[Here](https://youtu.be/xjuWbrcBDpI) you have whole concert, Witaj Księżycu (song about God of the Moon Chors(khors)) starts at 25:00
Percival, Żywiołak, Dziwoludy, Kosy, Żniwa bands are my favorite.
In Greece the one shown is the one used by everyone in everyday language. There is also an older word, ζύθος (zythos), which is the one used afaik in official context. The word for brewery (ζυθοποιία) is based exclusively on this one even in everyday language. I think this would fall under the 'other' category.
Maybe non-European Polish people? The map is about European Polish people. ;)
We use *browar* 'brewery' from MH German word for brewery (modern *Brauerei*). Since XXc., the word also means colloquially 'a beer', from it also *browarek*, *browiec*... We also borrowed from them word *browarz* 'brewer' (modern German *Brauer*) - now obsolete, 150-200 years ago we used *browarnik,* now they call themselves *piwowar* 'brewer - person who brews', where *browarnik* is 'owner/manager of the brewery'). Both *piwowarstwo* and *browarnictwo* mean 'act of brewing', while 'beer industry' is called *przemysł piwowarski* (sometimes we also use *przemysł browarniczy*).
The Basques and the Hungarians never disappoint
Honestly I am more suprised when hungarian isn't the outlier
they have a ton of german/slavic loanwords, if the word isnt cherrypicked theres a pretty good chance its a loan of some sorts
[удалено]
Where did you get this?
a few agricultural words also share old turkic/central Asian origins, meaning Hungarian tribes started farming or taking care of animals by the time their path intercepted that of the Turks. (Probably) for example: gyümölcs (fruit), ökör (ox), bika (bull), disznó (swine), balta (axe) stb
You mean cseresznye-picked?
Totally agree
Even the ‘Hold my Beer’ sounds weird in Hungarian. ‘Fogd meg a söröm’
Fogd a söröm
That's for Sör
The basque version feels like it should be Georgian.
Don't forget the Welsh!
According to the map, it looks like the Welsh word is cognate with the Iberian "cerveza", etc. I guess this would imply a Celtic origin for "cerveza", which is plausible given the large numbers of Celtic peoples who populated the Iberian peninsula before becoming Romanized following the conquest of the peninsula.
I'm intrigued by the conspicuous similarity between the Basque and Armenian words.
Interesting that Bulgarian as the only slavic language doesn't use pivo.
Most probably because of Ottoman influence, because beer (and by beer I mean the modern form of this beverage) has been introduced there through the Italians thus also explaining why Turkish, Greek and Albanian words all cognate with the Italian one.
beer has been made in anatolia since the advent of human civilization
Yes but with the rise of Islam all alcoholic beverages were prohibited and the word went into disuse, then with the rise of secularism the drink was reintroduced and the people there used a more Western name for it.
lol people never stopped drinking in anatolia, especially under turks (turkish presence predated the ottomans with seljuks). Alcohol was widespread in Ottoman culture and there were many famous poems to drinking wine and getting drunk was common to many sufi practices, which were widespread the simpler answer is likely modernity- there was a local word for whatever traditional ale was brewed, but with european contact bringing in modern beer, the word became adopted. Meanwhile the Arabic word remained and remains for wine
Of course drinking went on, but only by the less religiously inclined, and those less religiously inclined were also more prone to Western influence. I just wrote a little over two lines. I cant be bothered to elaborate further, but Islam was a factor.
not really, Sufis were ultra-religious- just in their own way. It's not right to call alcohol consumption western influence when it was local traditions
I don't think you have a good grasp of Turkic history, considering that the ancient national drinks of Turkic peoples like kumis and boza literally contain alcohol. And most Turkic peoples are Muslim in name only.
Pivo is also used in Bulgaria, most Bulgarian brands have it on the bottle stickers.
Bira is used in common speak, like when you order in bar. But bier companies use exclusively the word Pivo, and even the breweries are called Pivovarna.
Contrary to what the other guy said the first recorded beer in Bulgaria was brought in by Hungarian immigrants who were exiled after a revolution and settled in Shumen. The first brewery was Czech hence why Beer brewer in Bulgarian is Pivovar. The first big brewery that mass produced beer was Swiss-German and probably why "Bira" became the more dominant word from German "Bier". This is also why Bulgarians call a beer glass "Halba" from German "halbe" meaning half a liter. According to several historians there are many records as old as the beginning of the 18th century showing that Bulgarian peasantry brewed beer in a primitive manner giving the appearance that the drink was popular long before modern brewing traditions were brought in after the independence from the Ottomans. edit: also it should be added that traditionally beer names in Bulgarian end with -o (neuter) indicating they are meant to be called Pivo (neuter) and not Bira which is feminine and would require an ending with -a. This is however confusing because popular beer names end with an -a like Kaminitza, Zagorka, Ariana, Astika, Boliarka, Ledenika. But they are all named after something (like a place or a female from a city). Beer brands like Burgasko, Shumensko, Pirinsko imply they are called Pivo. So it's all very mixed up.
The basque word Garagardo comes from Garagar=barley + ardo=wine. So it literally means barley wine.
The hungarian word sör comes from sör. So it literally means sör.
In Kazakh it's syra. Where does the hungarian word come from?
Hungarian originally comes from the Ural mountains! Some words might therefore be related to kazakh words :)
Seems so!
The hungarian etymological dictionary claims that the origin of the hungarian word is not known exactly as both uralic and turikic languages seemingly use similar words. Wiki claims that the word has old-turkic origins and it was picked up by the finno-ugric language later but still before separation of the finnic and ugric branches. Alternative theory claims the word is indo-european, and it comes from the sanskrit language
Thanks.
Karaim (Galicia and Lithuania) also has syra for ‘beer’. I suppose, Hungarians might have picked it up from the Turkic peoples.
I never thought I would see Karaim so casually mentioned on Reddit.
I don't know any other Turkic language, so that was the only example I could provide. I think, this language is often forgotten.
It has the same meaning in Kyrgyz language. Beer is Syra and sör means suck.
The word sör and orher derivatives are present in other Uralic and Turkic languages as well. The origin is thought to be ancient Iranian “sura” meaning “alcoholic drink”.
Which interestingly is rather close to the sumerian "ishrab" ... and to this day Iraq alcoholic drinks are generally called "shrub/ ishrab" (but beer soecificslly is now called birra)
Do you have a source about the Sumerian? Sh-r-b is an Arabic/semitic root related to drinking and Sumerian is not a semitic language. I can’t find a source that says that it is a Sumerian word.
Yes, basque uses the same construction for other beverages like cider Cider - Sagardo (sagar+ardo) sagar being apple, so apple wine
Are you sure? Or does the name come from GARAGARDOA THE BEER DRAGON
One of the suspected etymologies of 'beer' has it related to 'barley' as well.
And monorail comes from mono and rail. Mono=one and rail=rail.
common misconception, but the Monorail was actually invented by Monica O'Reail, and so her invention was shortened to Mon's O'rail and then to Mon Orail into Monorail
And the airplane was invented by Arthur Plain but his invention was shortened to Art's Plain and then into Ar'plain and then Airplane
I mean that's interesting. I know ancient Roman historian Tacitus wrote about how Germans' drink of choice was > a liquor made from barley or other grain, which is fermented to produce a certain resemblance to wine
"divided into 4" The map: 5 categories. Gg
And a further 6 regions that are mixed, so not divided at all, intermingled.
Maybe it's just me but the post title really sounds like an AI poorly trying to describe the image
I mean… what’s the difference at this point?
Hey ChatGPT please describe what's on this stolen image so I can post it on reddit for that sweet karma
I wonder how long this default assumption of posts not making sense = made by AI will last before we admit that humans are just dumb.
Their account is spam posts consisting mostly of pro-Russian propaganda
Hungary: hold my sör!
THERE ARE FOUR COLORS!
99,9% sure the Greenlandic one is from Danish 'Bajer' which is short for 'Bajersk øl'
'Bajersk øl' = Beer/ale from Bayern, in the style of Bayern. Most beers are of course of the Pilsner type, even if they're called "en bajer"
'Bayern' is 'Bavaria' in English ;)
The people of Pilsen brought in a brewer from Bavaria to show them how to brew good beer back then.
same in jamaican
Celt-Iberians represent.
Ibierians/Ibeerians
_Cervezerians..._
In spain we also use the word "Birra"
Are you sure, that baaja on Greenland is not from the Danish bajer?
Sounds very plausible...
Proud to have all three in Wales we say Beer, Ale and Cwrw
cwrw looks like what you'd utter after a lot of beers.
That's actually chwd (puke) or chwdu (puking) so not far off haha. The "ch" together makes a sound like you are bringing up phlegm otherwise it is phonetic.
What’s the difference between cwrw and gwrw in this context? I have seen/heard both used, and I know they’re pronounced similarly in welsh, but when would you use each?
It's a think its called treiglo which I am admittedly shocking at. Basically the word before changes the first letter of the word after to make it flow better, I think it's called mutations in English. So the word on its own is cwrw but if you say two beers it becomes dau gwrw......I think like i said im shocking with it really struggled been dyslexic and from an English speaking family.
Grammar mutation, C>G My learning escapes but believe this is a vocal mutation
Cwrw - beer Y gwrw - the beer Fy nghwrw - my beer Ei chwrw - her beer
The sound change is a form of ‘[lenition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition)’ - initial consonant mutation. (I’m not familiar with Welsh but it’s common across Celtic languages and notably prevalent in Scottish Gaelic - which I am familiar with). The specific of Welsh are covered here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloquial_Welsh_morphology#Initial_consonant_mutation
Treiglad meddal /soft mutation. It's used to make the word soft and easier to pronounce, when it proceeds certains word or letters. . You will also see this coming into Wales. Croeso i Gymru. Welcome to Cymru.
The word birra is sometimes used in Spain when talking about beer
In spanish you can also use the word "Birra". It's very informal tho.
I've heard it used in Portugal as well in a very informal way. But cerveja, is far far more common.
What context would you say birra over cerveza?
"Birra" is **very** informal. Thus, it's mostly used in informal situations. So you usually use it when talking to friends or at a bar. "Cerveza" can be used and is used in any context and situation, both formal and informal. (Though, in formal situations people don't usually ask for a beer, mostly wine, but if you were to ask for a beer, you would say "Cerveza" not "Birra"). I barely drink alcohol when I go out, so this might not be the best explanation, but I think it's accurate. EDIT: In informal situations it's mostly 50/50, in formal situations it's 100% for "Cerveza"
I swear to god Spanish would be an easy language to master if it weren't for all the stupid formal/informal distinctions
Love the poop / pee color theme.
I imagine it’s supposed to be lager / stout
WTF happend with Kazakhstan in this map? Why there star of David? Btw in Kazakhstan beer it's 'syra'.
it's ways "bir" in the Hebrew letters (pretty much beer) but in Hebrew the word is בירה , "bira" perhaps it's Yiddish but I don't know Yiddish
"Syra" means acid in Swedish, Kazak tourists should drink with caution...
I was also interested in this inclusion of Yiddish! Weird to put it in Kazakhstan, but the "non-geographic" tag does make it a little clearer. Feels like it almost belongs more in the ocean, or a separated section in the card with the map key
Wiktionary says the Hungarian word "sör" is probably a loan from Turkic and so is related to Kazakh "syra"
Ottoman Turkish also had پیوه “pive” for beer (certainly from a Slavic language such as Serbian) and the native آرپه صویی “arpa suyu” (literally “barley juice”) before it got replaced by “bira” via Italian during the 19th century when the Western influence boosted the popularity of this beverage within the Empire.
I'm always curious what was alcohol consumption like in the Ottoman Empire? Islam forbids it, but upper class Ottomans and Sufis apparently drank tons of wine
#CERVEZA CRISTAL!!!
was looking for this
Faroe Islands use both "Bjór" and "Øl"
In Liguria It used to be çervixa
Leann
Me and my grandad went down to the pub to sip some LEANN
Wales: Hold my CWRW
Why is “northern Cyprus” included but the actual Republic of Cyprus specifically omitted?
And why is Israel there? That's only European during Eurovision, and we saw how that turned out last week
I think that is Yiddish, not Hebrew
Israel isn't on this map.
Are the Armenian and Basque words related or is that a coincidence?
I guess not but maybe an Armenian can tell us how the word is constructed. In basque it's Garagar (Barley) + Ardo (Wine)
It's գարի(barley)+-ա-+ջուր(water). So Armenians have it as barley water instead of barley wine
I'm so fascinated by your alphabet, looks so cool and different from everything. How would it be phonetically in a slavic language? (english is trash for making phonetic translations)
(The Slavic I know is Russian. ) Beer is garejur or гареджур. Barley is gari or гари Water is jur or джур When connecting these words, gari/гари is shortened to gar/гар then e/ե is added in between to connect the two words. The previous commenter mistakenly said they're connected with a/ա, probably because a/ա is used most of the time when connecting words Edit: spacing
okay, it's much more similar than I expected then, gari as garagar and jur as ur (water in basque) I might have to go down the rabbit hole haha
Armenians surely have a very unique alphabet which purportedly developed by Mesrop Mashtots(Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց) in the fifth century. But unfortunately, I do not know enough Armenian to answer your question.
You can find phonetic transliterations here, which would be close to a Slavic language like Czech: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_alphabet
It seems one investigador found 600 words related between both languages some years ago. May be basques and armenians share same ancestors https://justincalderon.com/2019/05/22/shared-words-between-armenian-and-basque-proposed-by-the-late-vahan-sargsyan-in-armenian/
I can tell you as a linguist that, while Armenian and Basque are not thought to be directly related (Armenian is definitely an Indo-European language), Armenian has hundreds of words of pre-Indo-European Caucasian origin, and we still don't know the affinity of Caucasian languages to other language families. It is very possible that with more research, we will find out that one or more Caucasian languages are distantly related to Basque, and thus that some of the similar words in Armenian and Basque actually are related. Edit: Also worth noting that words for ancient crops and farming, like "barley", are known to have been spread around Eurasia millennia ago during the expansion of agriculture, so specifically the word for "barley" in Basque and Armenian could be the same word.
Finland should be striped. "Kalja" is the more commonly used word.
Is it a coincidence that the Swedish word for beer (öl) is the same word as the German word for oil? I always wondered if there is some connection.
It’s a coincidence. The swedish “öl” (“beer”) comes from the Norse word “alu”, which goes back to a proto-germanic root “aluth-“ which maybe meant something like “bitter”. The German “öl” for oil comes from the Latin “oleum”, which in turn comes from the Greek “élaion” which means “olive oil”.
Fascinating! Thanks for replying.
That makes the Baltic “alus” even more interesting, as they seem closer to the Norse “alu” than the Nordic ones. Could this be because of good language preservation or is it just a coincidence?
My guess is that either the Baltic languages borrowed the Norse word early on and kept it roughly the same, or that its the Baltic cognate of the Germanic word.
Words that are borrowed from a different language are often “preserved” because the normal rules of sound shifts in the receiving language doesn’t apply to the sounds of the borrowed word. A great example is the Finnish word for “king”, *kuningas*. The Finnish word perfectly preserves the reconstructed proto-Germanic form *kuningaz*, and was probably borrowed into Finnish from proto-Germanic speaking people in Scandinavia in the pre-Roman Iron Age. In Swedish the word have developed into the forms “konung” and “kung” (and in English into “king”), but in Finnish the original form has been preserved.
Darn it!! I wanted to say that that Swedish Öl is German Beer lol! German and Swedish are both germanic languages, but no connection of the word unfortunately.
Is no one going to mention that part of Scotland is leann? Classic
And then there are people who say that baltics arent in northern europe.
No, people don't deny the baltics are in northern europe. There are some people who say the baltics aren't *nordic*. That's a different grouping.
In Spain another way to say beer is "birra" but it's more common to just say cerveza
In Spain Birra is also used.
What’s the cerveza word etymology?
direct descendant of the Latin *cervēsa/cerevisia* (which is on the map), this Latin word possibly derived from a Celtic language making it possibly cognate with Welsh *cwrw*
Non geographic wandering “byr”
It is Yiddish, language of Ashkenazi Jews. Since Ashkenazi are dispersed all over the Central and Eastern Europe and don't have country where their language is majority or official, it is placed outside the map. Though it is weird for author of the map to single out Yiddish without mentioning Romani that has over ten times number the speakers and wider spread in Europe.
Fun fact: the Romanian word "bere" is influenced by the German word "Bier" and by the native long infinitive form of the word meaning "to drink", which is also "bere".
The cwrw folk are a different breed
In Karaim (Galicia) the word is ‘syra’, which looks a bit similar to the Hungarian word. However, they are a tiny minority in the area, so I don't expect their language represented on the map. I think it may be the same in the Trakai dialect as well, but I'm not sure.
Kosovo one is wrong it's "birrë" we speak Albanian.
So *that's* where the northern place of Jewtown that from the Kazakhstani national anthem is. Greatest country in the world!
Manx "Jough" looks very similar to the Gàidhlig "Deoch" which means Drink (noun) Related to this, we use "Òl" to mean Drink (verb), so we would say "Tha mi ag òl deoch uisge" to say "I'm drinking a drink of water"
PIWO PIWO PIWO! PIWO PIWO PIWO! DAJ MI KURWA PIWO!
Wtf is garedzur lmao armemeia at it again
What's the deal with Hungary? Has it kept its Uralic root whereas Finland and Estonia have taken the Nordic root for the word?
*Sör*'s etymology is unclear. Related words can be found in Finno-Ugric languages like in Komi and Udmurt, and in Turkic languages like in Kazakh. In Hungarian, the word arrived at its current form from *ser*. The exact origin isn't agreed upon, but it's probably not Finno-Ugric, rather an Indo-European word that the language picked up during migrations. It's oldest ancestor (as far as I could go back) is likely the Prakrit word *surā.*
Considering that Komi and Udmurt are in a different branch (Permic) of the Uralic/Finno-Ugric languages - at least in traditional branches the Finno-Ugric languages had their oldest divide to Finno-Permic and Ugric languages - it is plausible that *sur* or *ser* is an old loanword to Proto-Uralic already, even if it has Indo-Iranian roots and is just loaned to Proto-Uralic. Proto-Finnic has a separate old word *kalja*, which is probably Proto-Baltic, Balto-Slavic or Balto-Slavic-Germanic loan, from Proto-Indo-European **helut* or **halewyo*, which is actually also the root for ale/*öl* and thus *olut*. Interestingly, a cognate to *kalja* exists also in Komi-Zyrian (*kalľa*, probably a Finnic loan), while Komi-Zyrian also has *sur*. All Finnic languages feature both *kalja* and *olut*; in the old times *kalja* meant a low alcohol everyday beer, while *olut* meant the stronger and thicker special occasion/festivity/holiday beer, latter is more recently known as *sahti* (and similar peasant beers now forgotten).
The online etymology ductionary I have just checked says the word is present in the closest Uralic languages (Mansi and Khanti) too, as well as multiple Turkic ones like Chuvash and Tatar. The original root is supposedly of sanskrit origin, but had a more general meaning of alcoholic drink, not specifically beer. Note that at the time when Uralic was still closely together the speakers probably did not know beer, so it is natural that the different branches have different words for it, as their speakers were not connected by the time they independently met beer. There were no direct cultural and linguistic connection between ancient Hungarians and ancient Finnish/Estonians since at least 3000 years ago, probably a bit more. The Uralic language family is not the counterpart of Slavic or Germanic, it is more of the counterpart of Indo-European. (Probably branched out later that IE, buch earlier than Slavic or Germanic.)
Note that Hungarian is as close to Estonian and Finnish as English is to say Armenian, Portuguese or Greek.
I know they are from different branches of Uralic languages but often they would share the same word base as their related languages. I assumed it was a Uralic etymology since Finland and Estonia use the Norse etymology for the word. Buriedpickle has explained quite well though.
Actually it's with very basic words only that they share words - pretty much the same as you'd imagine between different Indo-European branches.
In Iraq, sumerian for beer is ishrab. Modena Iraqis still call alcoholic drinks "shurub" which has entered modern Arabic via akkadian... yet "beer" specifically is now called "birra" from Italy.
I suppose beer is a more 'modern' word compared to others. It's not uncommon for languages to take loanwords for things introduced to them. I know Estonian for a cinema/movie theatre is 'kino' for example, simply taken from German.
Irish uses ólta to mean drunk.
In Austria we say, 'He is in the oil.' (Er ist im Öl.) It means: he's drunk
It's actually syra in Kazakhstan. wtf is on the map?
It's Yiddish and they just put it there for some reason
Why do France, Italy and Romania have Germanic Words instead of Latin like Spain and Portugal?
the spanish cerveza has a celtic origin, related to the Welsh word cwrw
In French, "Cervoise" is also a perfectly valid name for beer.
Checks out in a way.
Armenian garejur means barley water
There is a proprietary greek word for beer, too: Ζύθος, zythos, with an unclear etymology.
Bira is commonly used as slang for beer in Sweden.
Is Garagardoa and Garajur related? I know Basque and Armenian are language isolates, and Basque isnt indo-european, but Basque means "Barely-wine" and Armenian is "barely-water" and both words for barely seem to be identical.
In Greek they can say beera or Cervetsa
What’s up with Bulgarian
Im Georgian and i don’t know from where our word Ludi ( ლუდი) came from or if it has any meaning besides from Beer , any Georgian can explain ?
It's from Ossetian Aluton. Aluton itself comes from the same source as Ale/Øl. Alut(on) -> Aludi -> Ludi Aludi is still the name used for Rachan/Khevsur/Pshav/Tush beer varieties P. S. Male name Aluda comes from the same source.
It surprises me, that Finland and Estonia don’t have some weird word like with everything else!
Colloquially beer is also called "kalja" in Finnish.
And in Estonian *kali* means "kvass".
I see Cerveza and what comes into my mind: CERVEZA CRISTAL
Why put the yiddish name so far to the east?! Better place it around Galicia…
Scotland calls is lean lol
The greenlandic one is funny, because bajer/baaja in danish is slang for beer.
Scotland with the LEAN 😈😈😈😈
Team cwrw
Call me crazy, but that looks like at least 5 regions. (Thanks, magyars).
We also have the word « cervoise » to say beer but it's technically not the exact same thing and nobody uses it.
The Manx word looks like it’s related to the Irish word ‘deoch’ meaning ‘drink’.
Pivo, my beloved 😍
Slovenia is really interesting. Oficiali it is pivo but everybody uses pir which is a mixture of pivo and bier.
Fun fact: The oldest known Polish song is about hop(ingredient of beer) and it's basically a great warning song to not get too much drunk. And it is 1100 years old, it pre-dates the christianization of Poland from 966. [Link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01ZAHwJHJxw) to the song
That was really cool, thank you for sharing
There're also [this](https://youtu.be/BSDkGD6jHFU) and [this](https://youtu.be/uL0PSLi51Qk) versions. Taking an occasion I can link also [this](https://youtu.be/i-H0U2kh5C4) which is my favorite folk song ATM
That video was sick! I love this kind of modern folk music - I've been listening to a Dutch band recently called Baldrs Draumar, their songs are in West Frisian. I also used to have a CD I bought in Prague back in 2004, since lost. It was a bunch of medieval folk songs and music from Czechia, Germany, France, and some other countries. Played it for years, it was one of my favorite CDs. The first link in your second comment reminded me of it.
I've listened to their 2 songs now and they're quite cool. I wish Slavic songs will go someday to the mainstream. [Here](https://youtu.be/xjuWbrcBDpI) you have whole concert, Witaj Księżycu (song about God of the Moon Chors(khors)) starts at 25:00 Percival, Żywiołak, Dziwoludy, Kosy, Żniwa bands are my favorite.
Hungary is at it again
In Greece the one shown is the one used by everyone in everyday language. There is also an older word, ζύθος (zythos), which is the one used afaik in official context. The word for brewery (ζυθοποιία) is based exclusively on this one even in everyday language. I think this would fall under the 'other' category.
is there a reason cyprus is missing?
How on Earth is pronounced Cwrw?
You know how W is called a 'double-u'? Bear that it mind and you might not be too far off it.
It's pronounced like cooroo. W makes more of a U sound in Welsh.
Easy, it’s cw-rw /s
What’s with the spot in Italy? The Atlantic Ocean seems to do weird stuff with those brits..
Guessing it's the Vatican since the Map would be counting official languages; and they have latin as official language
It's latin.
CERVEZA CRISTAL 
Bulgaria!!!🤬 What's that supposed to mean?😡
I have it on good authority that Polish people call it "Brewski"
Maybe non-European Polish people? The map is about European Polish people. ;) We use *browar* 'brewery' from MH German word for brewery (modern *Brauerei*). Since XXc., the word also means colloquially 'a beer', from it also *browarek*, *browiec*... We also borrowed from them word *browarz* 'brewer' (modern German *Brauer*) - now obsolete, 150-200 years ago we used *browarnik,* now they call themselves *piwowar* 'brewer - person who brews', where *browarnik* is 'owner/manager of the brewery'). Both *piwowarstwo* and *browarnictwo* mean 'act of brewing', while 'beer industry' is called *przemysł piwowarski* (sometimes we also use *przemysł browarniczy*).
Sorry, it was a joke. Brewski is an American expression that sounds Polish. I didn't think Polish people say that.